How Birth Control Pills Can Impact Athletic Performance

For individuals looking to optimize their athletic performance, whether in marathon running, weightlifting, or CrossFit, it may come as a surprise that their hormonal birth control pill could be playing a role in hindering their progress.

Research indicates that approximately 14 percent of individuals aged 15 to 49 on the pill may face challenges with muscle growth and cardiovascular capacity due to their use of oral contraceptives.

Here are three ways in which birth control pills could affect athletic performance:

1. Masking Overtraining Symptoms

Overtraining or inadequate fueling could be masked by changes in menstrual cycles or the absence of menstruation, known as amenorrhea. Monitoring your natural cycle can help gauge your body’s response to training.

2. Impairing Muscle Growth

A study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research revealed that oral contraceptive use may impede muscle gains. Participants on birth control pills showed lower levels of certain hormones critical for muscle growth compared to those not on the pill.

3. Reducing Cardiovascular Capacity

Endurance athletes may experience decreased VO2 max levels when using oral contraceptives, affecting their oxygen utilization during intense workouts.

Considerations for Athletes Using Birth Control Pills

While research on the impact of birth control pills on athletic performance is ongoing, individual responses can vary. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider to evaluate the best contraceptive option for your unique needs and goals.

Alternatives to consider include progestin-only or copper IUDs, ovulation tracking combined with barrier methods, or discussing other contraceptive options with your provider.

Overall, a tailored approach that aligns with your athletic objectives and overall well-being is crucial when selecting a contraceptive method.